Reproductive Health One Shot
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Family planning refers to practices that help individual to attain certain objectives
(i) To avoid unwanted Births
(ii) To Bring about wanted birth
(iii) To regulate the interval between pregnancies
(iv) To determine the number of children in family
India is first country in world to initiate family planning programme in 1951. In 1977 it changed into family
welfare programme "To improve the quality of life of people." "Reproduction and child heath care (RCH)
programmes"
Small family norm
1970 slogan was – ‘‘Do ya Teen Bas’’
1980 slogan was – ‘‘Sons or Daughter - Two will do’’ / Hum Do Hamare Do
– ‘‘Second after 3 years’’
CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD :
Method which prevent unwanted birth or pregnancies are called contraceptive methods. (two types)
(1) Temporary method or spacing method (2) Terminal method
An ideal contraceptive should be user-friendly, easily available, effective and reversible with no or least side-
effects. It also should in no way interfere with the sexual drive, desire and/or the sexual act of the user. A wide
range of contraceptive methods are presently available which could be broadly grouped into the following
categories, namely Natural/Traditional, Barrier, IUDs, Oral contraceptives, Injectables, Implants and Surgical
methods
(1) Temporary or Spacing Methods : Are of following types –
(i) Chemical Method :
Spermicide
In this method chemicals are used which are spermicidal agent or surface active
agents which attach themselves to spermatozoa and inhibit O2 uptake and kill
sperm. Failure rate is approximately 30%.
Example :
Vaginal Foam/tablets = 'Today'
Cream or Jelly = ‘‘Nim – 76’’
(Defence Institute of Physiology Allied Science Manufactured it)
These medicines are composed of chemicals like ZnSO4, KMnO4, Boric acid, Lactic acid, Citric
acid. These chemicals completely destroy sperms so they are called as spermicides
(ii) Barrier method :
Ovum and sperms are prevented from physically meeting with the help of barriers.
For Male :
Condom - Condoms are barriers made of thin rubber/ latex sheath that are used to cover the
penis in the male or vagina and cervix in the female, just before coitus so that the
ejaculated semen would not enter into the female reproductive tract. This can prevent
conception. ‘Nirodh’ is a popular brand of condom for the male. Use of condoms
has increased in recent years due to its additional benefit of protecting the user from
contracting STDs and AIDS. Both the male and the female condoms are disposable,
can be self-inserted and thereby gives privacy to the user.
Male condom Female condom
Failure rate of male condoms = 10-14%
– Failure rate of famale condom = 5-15%
For Female :
Diaphragms, cervical caps and vaults are also barriers made of rubber that are inserted into
the female reproductive tract to cover the cervix during coitus. They prevent conception by blocking
the entry of sperms through the cervix. They are reusable. Spermicidal creams, jellies and foams
are usually used alongwith these barriers to increase their contraceptive efficiency.
Intra Uterine Devices (I.U.D.) : These devices are inserted by doctors or expert nurses in the uterus
through vagina
I.U.C.D. – Intra Uterine Contraceptive Devices :
Ist IUCD was used by Graffenberg. It was a Ag made I.U.C.D. when it was put into the uterus,
till it was there, the female wasn't pregnant.
Now Cu made IUCD are used
CuT Multiload 375
Two IUCDS
(i) Non-medicated IUDs : e.g. : Lippes loop
– These devices are made of plastic or stainless steel only.
– Lippes loop made of plastic (Polyethylene) impregnated
with barium sulphate is still used in many part of world.
(ii) Copper releasing IUDs : eg. : CuT, Cu7, Multiload 375
(iii) Hormone releasing IUDs : eg. : Progestasert, LNG-20
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